Plastic Antimicrobial Agents: Comprehensive Guide to Core Knowledge, Selection and Application
Plastic antibacterial agents are a type of functional additives that can inhibit or kill bacteria, fungi, molds and other microorganisms on and inside the surface of plastics. The core principle is to achieve long-lasting antibacterial effects by disrupting the metabolic processes, cell membranes or enzyme systems of microorganisms. They are widely used in fields such as household appliances, packaging, medical products, footwear materials, and daily necessities, balancing hygiene safety and material performance.
I. Core Classification and Performance Comparison (According to Chemical System)
TypeRepresentative ComponentsCore AdvantagesCore WeaknessesTypical Applications
Inorganic Antibacterial AgentsSilver-based (Ag⁺/nano-silver), Zinc-based (ZnO/Zn²⁺), Copper-based, Zirconium phosphate loaded with silver/zincHigh heat resistance (200-350℃), Long-lasting, Broad-spectrum, Low toxicity, Low migrationHigh cost of silver-based, prone to discoloration (yellowing / blackening); The antibacterial strength of zinc-based is weaker than that of silver-basedHome appliances, medical consumables, food packaging, foamed shoe insoles, etc.
Organic Antibacterial AgentsQuaternary ammonium salts, Dihydropyridine class, Isothiazolinone, Phenols, Organic halidesQuick killing, Broad-spectrum, Low cost, Color stabilityPoor heat resistance (most < 200℃), Easy migration, Poor weather resistance, Some have irritancySoft PVC, Silica gel, Low-temperature molded plastics, Daily necessities
Natural Antibacterial AgentsPlant extracts (aromatheric alcohol, aloe vera, mustard), Chitosan, LysozymeEnvironmentally friendly, Food contact friendly, Good biocompatibilityPoor heat resistance, Low antibacterial efficiency, High cost, Weak stabilityFood tableware, Baby products, High-end packaging
High-molecular Antibacterial AgentsQuaternary ammonium salts/guanidine salt grafted polymers, Antibacterial monomers copolymerLong-lasting, Non-migration, Good heat resistance, Mechanical property compatibilityComplex synthesis, High cost, High formulation adaptability requirementsHigh-end medical, Automotive interior, Long-term outdoor products
Mainstream selection: Silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent (with the best overall performance and the widest application in industry); Organic-inorganic composite antibacterial agent (combining immediate effect and long-lasting efficacy, addressing the shortcomings of a single system)
