ince water-based coatings are mainly used in special environments such as winemaking, food, beverages, medicine, chemical industries, construction buildings, and underground structures. The main characteristics of these environments are high humidity, high temperature, abundant nutrients, and being highly conducive to mold growth.

I. Characteristics of Water-Based Metalworking Fluids 1. Alkaline pH: 8 - 9.5. Although this is not the most suitable pH for microorganisms, it does not affect their rapid proliferation. 2. Temperature: The low temperature is sufficient to support the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, but not so high as to inhibit their growth. 3. Usually contains a high percentage of water. 4. The components contain sufficient nutrients.

Water-based ink has been widely used in printing, writing, marking and other fields due to its environmental friendliness, non-toxicity and easy cleaning. However, the moisture and organic components in water-based ink are prone to mold growth, causing the ink to deteriorate and stink, which affects the printing quality and the service life of the product. Therefore, the application of fungicides in water-based ink is particularly important. IPBC (iodopropargyl butyl carbamate), as a highly efficient, low-toxicity and environmentally friendly fungicide, has demonstrated unique application value in the field of water-based ink.

The lubrication performance of oil-based cutting fluid is good, but the cooling effect is poor. Water - based cutting fluid and oil - based cutting liquid phase ratio lubrication performance is relatively poor,

biological stability of water-based metal cutting fluids in China In recent years, the biological stability of water-based metal cutting fluids has aroused widespread concern in the domestic industry, and domestic research has been conducted in this area

The pH value of the test solution was determined every day, the appearance changes and odor emission were observed, and the number of bacteria and fungi were determined after 5 days of ventilation and 2 days of deaeration. Repeat until the water-based metal cutting fluid deteriorates. Due to the microbial reproduction process, cellular respiration releases CO2 and the organic acids produced in the degradation process will cause the pH value to drop. Therefore, the biological stability of water-based metal cutting fluid can be evaluated by the degree of pH reduction and the degree of microbial reproduction

1,2-Benzoisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) This fungicide is one of the new generation of industrial fungicides in the world today. Products were introduced in the 1970s. In the early 1980s, Imperial Chemical Industries invested £5.5 million to develop a continuous production process and achieved great success in synthetic emulsions, waterborne coatings, adhesives, paper, metal cutting fluids, technical oils, and oilfields.

Waterborne pigments are very sensitive to microbial attack. In general, all organic pigments can be used by a variety of bacteria to become a source of carbon and nitrogen for bacteria. In all pigment tests, yellow pigments are most susceptible to microbial degradation due to organic components.

There are a large number of various microorganisms in the metal working fluid

Mainly refers to physical blending, which is the easiest and most common method. Regardless of the form of the mold-proof fungicide (solid, powder, liquid, etc.), it is only a physical mixture when added to the paint. Therefore, the efficacy of the mold-proof fungicide is not only related to its own efficacy, It is also closely related to particle size, degree of dispersion, and the like.